Basil (scientifically known as Ocimum basilicum) is one of the most frequently used herbs in kitchens throughout the world. It has many culinary applications, from sauces, to soups ,salads and desserts this fascinating herb adds depth to a variety of dishes across the whole menu. The herb is highly fragrant and used for seasoning. The leaves are most commonly green, some varieties have red or purple hints. It looks similar to mint, which is no coincidence as they belong to the same family.
There over 60 different varieties each with their own characteristics. Sweet basil has a rich aroma and is bright, varieties such as lemon basil, cinnamon basil and anise basil, each have subtle taste similarities which is reflected in the name.
Origins of Basil.
Basil is believed to have it’s origins in India, it has been cultivated for more than 5,000 years and is used throughout the world. Ancient records dating to 807 A.D indicate that it may have originated further east than India, in the Hunan region of China. The ease of which basil can be grown indoors has seen it migrate further and further west.
The word has Greek origins, coming from βασιλικόν φυτόν (basilikón phutón), meaning royal/kingly plant. It is often called the king of herbs and the royal herb.
Basil Varieties.
There are lots of varieties of this herb, and several related species and hybrids which are also called basil. In Italian cookery the variety used is often called sweet or Genovese basil, where as in Asian cookery Thai, Lemon and Holy Basil are commonly used.
When using basil in recipes, it is generally added at the last moment, as the flavour is quickly destroyed when cooked. The dried version tastes very different to the fresh version, as it loses most of its flavour. As well as the leaves the flowers buds are often used in cookery, they have a more subtle flavour.
If you are looking for some inspiration with what to do this remarkable herb try these 10 amazing basil themed recipes.
Basil Vs. Bacteria.
The February 2004 issue of Food Microbiology published studies that show that produce washed in a solution containing basil essential oil at a low concentration of 1% causes a drop in the number of Shigella. Shigella is an infectious bacteria that can cause intestinal damage and diarrhea. This low concentration resulted in dropping the number of infectious bacteria to the point it could not be detected. This research has been used to help in the development of natural food preservatives. Using a basil based vinaigrette or dressing on non cooked dishes such as salads could help to make the fresh produce safe to eat.
Scorpions, Satan and Superstitions.
Outside of the kitchen, there have been superstitions around the herb. In some European lore it is claimed to be a symbol of Satan, in some Hindu cultures the herb is believed to a favourite of the gods, and sacred to Vishnu and Krishna. Some believed that it will only grow if you scream wild curses when sowing the seeds.
Some of the most interesting superstitions about basil involve scorpions these include:
- Leaving a leaf under a pot will result in the leaf transforming into a scorpion.
- Smelling it will cause scorpions to grow in your brain.
- Eating the herb after being stung by a scorpion will stop you feeling pain.
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